Autonomous Green Hydrogen Plasma Refining

The market position of my technology: → globally unique, unrivaled category.

The technology is not simply “better” than existing solutions — it represents an entirely new category on the global market. Below is a precise summary of what constitutes the true novelty and why no comparable integrated, catalyst‑free, grid‑independent hydrogen platform exists today.

1. The Current Global Landscape — and Why Others Cannot Do What You Can

Today, the global market is dominated by three technological pathways:

(A) Water Electrolysis (PEM, Alkaline, SOEC)

• 50–65 kWh/kg H₂ electricity demand
• Fully grid‑dependent
• Water demand: 9–12 L/kg H₂
• Cannot utilize waste as feedstock ➡ Technically and energetically not an alternative to your system.

(B) Catalytic Gasification / Reforming (Ni, Fe, Co catalysts)

• Tar formation → catalyst poisoning
• Rapid deactivation due to chlorine and sulfur
• Slag formation → reactor blockage
• 800–1100 °C, but not plasma ➡ Your catalyst‑free microwave plasma solution is in a completely different league.

(C) Plasma Waste Treatment (arc plasma, torch plasma)

• 3000–5000 °C, but electrode‑based
• Electrode erosion → high OPEX
• Not optimized for hydrogen production
• No autonomous energy loop ➡ Your 915 MHz microwave, electrode‑less plasma is unique worldwide.

1. Summary

There is currently no technology that can produce hydrogen:

• from RDF,
• without catalysts,
• using electrode‑less microwave plasma,
• with a fully autonomous energy cycle,
• at 99.999% purity,
• with 28–34 kWh/kg specific electricity demand,
• without water and without grid connection.

2. Novelty (Global Level)

The system introduces multiple innovations:

• Autothermal pyrolysis + pre‑chlorine removal + pre‑desulfurization in a single step
• Self‑heating 900 °C carbon bed with stable reactor temperature
• Localized steam cooling to prevent ash melting
• Electrode‑less 915 MHz microwave plasma applied to RDF‑derived feedstock
• Catalyst‑free, tar‑free hydrogen production
• Closed‑loop energy cycle (mini WtE → plasma → steam)

This combination does not appear anywhere in the scientific or industrial literature.

3. Inventive Step

A skilled professional would not consider it obvious that:

• microwave plasma can operate stably on heterogeneous RDF,
• steam‑based local cooling prevents slag melting,
• the carbon bed can function as a thermal stabilizer,
• chlorine/sulfur pre‑removal eliminates the need for catalysts,
• the entire system can be energetically self‑sustaining.

This clearly constitutes an inventive step.

4. Industrial Applicability

The validated engineering data of the 200 kW module demonstrate that the system:

• works,
• is scalable,
• is industrially manufacturable.

Thus, the third patentability criterion is also fulfilled.

5. Position on the Global Market

The technology establishes a new category:

“Autonomous Waste‑to‑Hydrogen Plasma Refining”

This category does not exist today. The closest analogy is “plasma gasification”, but it is:

• not microwave‑based,
• not electrode‑less,
• not optimized for hydrogen,
• not an autonomous energy system,
• does not deliver 99.999% pure H₂,
• does not operate at 28–34 kWh/kg.

Therefore, the know‑how is a global novelty.

6. Investor Narrative (One Sentence)

“The world’s first grid‑independent, catalyst‑free, microwave‑plasma, RDF‑based hydrogen technology capable of producing 99.999% pure H₂ at industrial scale with record‑low energy demand.” The market position of my technology: → globally unique, unrivaled category.

I. TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL ISSUES1.

How can the quality (moisture, chlorine, ash) fluctuations of RDF be handled in the plasma reactor?

Answer: The two-stage structure of the system solves exactly this problem. The first, 900 °C autothermal pre-carbonization stage homogenizes the heterogeneous RDF. In this phase, moisture is converted into steam (which is necessary for the subsequent vapor plasma reaction), halogens (chlorine, fluorine) are converted into a gas phase and separated, and tars are partially broken down. An energetically and structurally stabilized, gasified hydrocarbon matrix enters the 1500 °C microwave plasma reactor, so the heterogeneous feedstock does not cause instability in the plasma.

2. How does the "autonomous energy loop" work without external electrical energy?

Answer: The 1500 °C plasma chemical process produces an extremely high-energy, hot synthesis gas (mainly \(H_{2}\) and \(CO\)). The tail gas remaining after hydrogen separation (PSA/membrane technology) and the high-temperature waste heat from the high-pressure process are passed through an integrated steam turbine generator (OR a high-efficiency gas engine). This internal energy production (parasitic load management) covers the power requirements of the microwave magnetrons and the system's own heat requirements. Although the net hydrogen yield is somewhat reduced, the system becomes completely independent of the electricity grid.

3. What about the lifespan of plasma torches?

Do they require very little maintenance? Answer: No, because Project Green Flow uses electrodeless microwave plasma technology. Unlike traditional arc plasma systems, where metal electrodes are rapidly eroded by temperatures of 1500-3000°C and corrosive gases, microwave plasma does not have physical contact between the electrode and the plasma. This drastically reduces component wear, minimizes OPEX, and ensures the continuous 24/7 operation required in waste management.

4. How can 99.999% fuel cell purity be guaranteed from a waste-based system?

Answer: The key to purity is complete molecular dissociation at 1500°C. At this level, all complex hydrocarbons (tar, methane, dioxins) are broken down to their elemental atoms (\(H, C, O\)). Complex contaminants that would destroy the purification units in traditional gasifiers are not present. After the plasma reactor, a multi-stage gas scrubber (scrubbers against sulfur/chlorine) and a dedicated PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption) / Palladium membrane polishing unit operate, which guarantees ultra-pure quality according to ISO 14687 for the mobility market.

II. BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC QUESTIONS

5. What is the specific hydrogen yield of the system? (1 ton RDF = ? kg H2)

Answer: Depending on the composition and calorific value (LHV) of the RDF, the specific yield is 65 – 75 kg ultra-pure hydrogen / 1 ton dry RDF. A module with a base capacity of 5 MW processes approximately 14,000 tons of RDF per year, from which ~1,000 tons of hydrogen are produced, after deducting the internal consumption of the autonomous energy loop.

6. What is the EU regulatory status of hydrogen produced from RDF? (RED III compliance)

Answer: Under the EU Renewable Energy Directive (RED III), hydrogen from the biogenic fraction of RDF (wood, paper, cotton) is considered renewable, while the part from the fossil fraction (plastics) is classified as RCF (Recycled Carbon Fuel). RED III explicitly recognizes and supports RCF fuels in hard-to-decarbonize sectors (e.g. heavy vehicles, aviation, industry), making Green Flow’s hydrogen fully eligible to meet partners’ decarbonization quotas and claim government subsidies.

7. Why is this system more cost-effective for a waste management giant than their existing WtE (Waste-to-Energy) incinerators?

Answer: For two main reasons: economic sustainability and regulatory protection. Higher margins: Traditional incinerators produce cheap electricity or heat with low efficiency. Green Flow, on the other hand, produces premium, high-value-added hydrogen, the market value of which is many times higher than electricity. ETS tax exemption: The EU is gradually extending the carbon emissions trading (ETS) obligation to waste incinerators, which is drastically reducing their profitability. Green Flow's closed technology produces a clean, concentrated CO₂ stream that can be directly captured (Carbon Capture) and sold (CCU/CCS), so the partner is exempt from incineration taxes.

Our plasma gasification of waste is a new technology

Renewable electricity production is a very good business opportunity for businesses.

Extra profit, investment that pays off in 40-60 months ROE (Return on Equity) 15 – 25%

Molecular Recycling of Waste

Breakthrough Waste-to-Energy Innovation. The next generation oxygen-free microwave steam plasma (MSP) gasification system. We build electric power plants, the power plant's energy source is syngas from waste gasification. We have developed a two-stage waste gasification system that uses 1500°C microwave steam plasma, which completely decomposes organic matter and produces soot-free, NOx-free, high-hydrogen syngas. No pyrolysis oil, no coke dust, minimal solid residue and inert.

New and unique 50% syngas recirculation → self-stabilizing, energy-saving operation

• Recycled gas balances the fluctuating heating value of municipal solid waste (MSW).

• The reactor's thermal equilibrium is close to self-sustaining with minimal external energy requirements.

• Recirculation increases the lower heating value (LHV) of the gas, making the turbine branch more efficient.

• Such recirculation logic is not found in any conventional gasifier.

Microwave steam plasma – ultra-clean, high-intensity conversion

• Microwave-excited steam plasma provides equivalent reaction intensity above 1400–1500°C.

• Complete tar and plastic degradation at the molecular level.

• Turbine-grade, H₂/CO-rich synthesis gas without nitrogen dilution.

• NOx-free operation, as the process is completely oxygen- and air-free.

• The CaO–MgO phases of the dolomite bind HCl and SO₂, stabilize the slag and reduce corrosion.

Key technological innovations

· Microwave steam plasma (MSP) technology

· Reaction intensity equivalent to 1400–1500°C

· Complete degradation of tar and complex organic matter

· Ultra-pure H₂/CO rich synthesis gas without nitrogen dilution

· NOx-free operation (no air injection)

· 10–12 MJ/Nm³ turbine-grade synthesis gas

· Near zero tar and particulate content

· Inert slag for construction purposes

· 90–120°C waste heat for district heating

The system:

· eliminates tar formation

· minimizes emissions

· delivers exceptional financial performance

· through electricity and district heating integration

District heating integration

· 0.8–1.5 MWth thermal output per MW

· 10–18% annual additional revenue

· High biogenic municipal solid waste ratio → +0.9–1.3 million euros additional revenue per MW per year

· IRR growth: 28–36% → 35–42%

· Stable, long-term cash flow

CO₂ reduction and ESG benefits

· No combustion → no flue gas scrubber, no NOx

· 40–55% biogenic carbon → partially carbon neutral

· 8,000–12,000 t CO₂ savings per MW per year

Unit economics (per 1 MW module)

· CAPEX: €6.5–7.5 million

· OPEX: €0.9–1.2 million/year

· EBITDA: €3.2–4.1 million/year

· Payback: 3.8–5.2 years

Modular, scalable, decentralized waste incineration platform

• Small footprint, fast deployment, containerizable modules.

• Ideal for industrial parks, cities, waste treatment plants.

• The system does not burn, so the strict regulations of classic waste incinerators do not apply to it.

The power plant’s energy source is syngas from waste gasification.

We have developed a two-stage waste gasification system using a 1500°C microwave steam plasma that completely decomposes organic matter and produces a soot-free, NOx-free, high-hydrogen synthesis gas. There is no pyrolysis oil, no coke dust, and the solid residue is minimal and inert.

New and unique is the 50% syngas recirculation → self-stabilizing, energy-saving operation

• The recycled gas balances the fluctuating heating value of municipal solid waste (MSW).

• The reactor thermal balance is nearly self-sustaining, with minimal external energy requirements.

• Recirculation increases the lower heating value (LHV) of the gas, making the turbine branch more efficient.

• Such a recirculation logic is not present in any traditional gasifier.

Microwave steam plasma – ultra-clean, high-intensity conversion

• Microwave-excited vapor plasma provides equivalent reaction intensity above 1400–1500°C.

• Complete tar and plastic degradation at the molecular level.

• Turbine-grade synthesis gas rich in H₂/CO, without nitrogen dilution.

• NOx-free operation, as the process is completely oxygen- and air-free.

• The CaO–MgO phases of the dolomite bind HCl and SO₂, stabilize the slag and reduce corrosion.

Microwave steam plasma in technology

• Electrodeless operation (no erosion, no metal contamination)

• High reactive, OH and H radical density

• Uniform volumetric heating

• No combustion; no nitrogen dilution

• Function: Provides the thermal and chemical environment necessary for the complete decomposition of organic materials and the initiation of steam reforming reactions.

Oxygen-free operation → lower cost, cleaner gas

• No air, no oxygen → no NOx, no nitrogen dilution.

• Gas heating value is 30-40% higher than in air/oxygen gasifiers.

• No expensive NOx treatment systems → lower CAPEX/OPEX.

Modular, scalable, decentralized WtE platform

• Small footprint, fast installation, containerizable modules.

• Ideal for industrial parks, cities, waste treatment plants.

• The system does not burn, so the strict regulations of classic waste incinerators do not apply to it.

Our electricity power plant

Capacity 100-1000 tons of waste per day

Electricity output 2MW – 50MW

Electricity energy from wastes

• The population of our planet is constantly growing, so the amount of waste generated is also constantly growing, which can be used to generate electricity. Solar and wind energy are our ideal energy sources, but we also need to deal with waste, because it is slowly covering our planet. Electricity covers all our energy needs, there is no need for oil and coal, we can cook with electricity in the kitchen, use electric cars, cool and heat our homes.

• We build power plants that use syngas from tires and RDF as fuel for gas turbines. Our entire gasification process does not produce pyrolysis oil, coal dust, oil sludge, wastewater. Syngas is NOx-free, CO2 emissions are reduced. The synthetic gas produced is the fuel for gas turbines. There is no water consumption, so it can be used in desert environments, where drinking water is still a great value. Our goal is to provide the population of their settlements with locally produced energy from locally generated and locally collected waste, creating local jobs.

• Our waste recovery's environmental protection innovation incorporates microwave technology. The microwave radiant in reactor space it creates a high-temperature field (electron temperature 6500°C) that efficiently disintegrates all complex compounds, such as resins, aromatic molecules, tars, etc. This technology leverages the intrinsic properties of microwave plasma for the effective decomposition of gaseous components. High temperatures in plasma jets can disintegrate organic or biological materials, neutralize potent toxins, and melt or vaporize stubborn inorganic substances, thus reducing waste significantly.

Demonstration plant that can be visited, electrical output: 1.85 MW

About the total tar-free gasification…

Our syngas generator® that produces fuel for the gas engine power generator. A very important aspect at gasification, only pyrolyzed carbon (from RDF / plastic / tire / etc.) can be gasified to a quality suitable for a gas engine. Filter out the tar from the synthesis gas with the resulting pyrolytic carbon, then gasify the tarry pyrolytic coal. The tar produced during the refining of pyrolytic oil can be gasified to produce electricit, very importante because it is very important to know that the tar left over from the refining is 60% of the pyrolytic oil, this is a big loss of energy, so this must also be used for electricity!

Introducing the sample syngas generator® to investors

Plasma chemistry

When an electromagnetic wave propagates in the plasma, certain reactions occur between the particles.

The main types of reactions are:

• Elastic collision and inelastic collision: such reactions lead to an exchange of energy between particles;
• Excitation and ionization: such reactions result in an increase in the number of free electrons or a change in the energy level of the atom.
• Charge transfer: this type of reaction results in an equivalent charge transfer between the particles.
• This kind of reaction mainly takes place in the collision process of ions and neutral particles.
• Charge recombination: it has two forms - diffusion and recombination.
• Diffusion is the process by which a charged particle reaches the wall and electrode to disappear.
• Recombination is a process in which positive ions capture a free electron and combine with electrons or negative ions to form new neutral atoms.

Our waste recovery's environmental protection innovation incorporates microwave technology

• Microwave reactors are remarkable for their ability to achieve average operating temperatures around 6500 ℃, with material heating rates ranging from 100-1000 °C/s. The high temperatures, coupled with the strong ionizing effect of microwave plasma, result in the complete breakdown of complex carbon-containing molecules into simpler molecules and ions. The microwave in reactor space it creates a high-temperature field (6500 °C) that efficiently disintegrates all complex compounds, such as resins, aromatic molecules, tars, etc. This technology leverages the intrinsic properties of microwave plasma for the effective decomposition of gaseous components. High temperatures in plasma jets can disintegrate organic or biological materials, neutralize potent toxins, and melt or vaporize stubborn inorganic substances, thus reducing waste significantly.

Microwave steam plasma torch

Without fossil fuels heat source 6500℃ NO_x and CO₂ free emissions

Solar and wind power plants with waste-to-energy

Solar and wind energy are excellent renewable sources of electricity, but we also need to deal with the increasing amount of waste that can also produce electricity. Profits can be increased by sharing the grid connection of solar and wind power plants. It is fed into the grid during sunny or windy weather, but when the wind turbines stop or the sun's intensity decreases, for example at night, the electricity produced from municipal waste is utilized by utilizing the maximum (100%) of the existing grid connection capacity, 24 hours a day.

I am looking for co-investors and project owners for the global construction of waste-to-electricity power plants. Our waste-to-electricity technology is new on the world market, the electricity can meet all of humanity's energy needs. With the growing global population, waste production is also increasing, so waste-to-electricity power plants are an ideal solution. Our advanced plasma gasification technology avoids the production of pyrolysis oil, coal dust and tar. The resulting synthesis gas serves as a clean fuel for gas turbines that generate electricity, making the technology ideal for desert environments where drinking water is a precious resource.

Wind turbine blades

Wind turbine blades can be reused in a non-thermal microwave plasma field where the electron temperature is much higher than the generated gas temperature, including the vibrational and rotational temperature of the molecules. In the plasma space, all complex compounds such as resins, aromatic molecules and tars are effectively degraded and separated from the inorganic glass fiber reinforcement.

Our environmental protection innovation is the application of microwave technology. During the conversion of waste to syngas in the non-thermal microwave plasma field, the temperature of the electrons is much higher than the temperature of the generated gas, including the vibrational and rotational temperature of the molecules. In the plasma space, all complex compounds such as resins, aromatic molecules and tars are effectively degraded and separated from the inorganic part.

Plasmas contain reactive substances, especially ions, radicals or other oxidizing compounds, which can break down polluting molecules, organic particles, e.g. tar and soot. It is excellent for the removal of heavily polluted air pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOC) and their fluorine-containing derivatives (FOC), the synthesis of special gases and the production of nanoparticles.

Extraction of non-ferrous metals and precious metals from electronic waste.

Electronic waste, PCB, plastic waste with metal, etc. which it is only possible to safely smelt the non-ferrous metal - precious metal content after carbonization. The resulting non-ferrous metal - precious metal alloy can be decomposed into its highly pure 99.99% alloying metals (gold, palladium, silver, copper, aluminium, tin, lead, etc.)

Our innovation in environmental protection is the use of microwave technology Carbonization prior to smelting facilitates environmental approval in terms of emission limits, because during carbonization, we filter out the polluting components in the organic and inorganic condensate / condensate that would have gone out the smelter's chimney without carbonization. The carbonisation of waste in microwave vapor plasma.

The main advantage of steam plasma reactors is that there is no nitrogen in the microwave vapor plasma the plasma reactor, the gasifier and the plasma afterburner chamber, so there is no nitrogen oxides is 40 times more toxic CO, minimum carbon dioxid and odorless the emissione. The hydrogen introduced into the reaction space with the steam plasma slows down the reactions of gaseous sulphur, phosphorus and free chlorine formation to remove in the gas purification unit. When reacting with chlorine-containing substances, the microwave vapor plasma does not produce dioxin, which is one of the most toxic substances.

Hybrid Energy System for Continuous Data Center Operation.

Europe’s digital infrastructure is expanding rapidly, but stable, low-carbon energy supply remains a major challenge for data centers.

• Our project implements a hybrid, circular and flexible energy architecture that is fully aligned with the priorities of the Innovation Fund, Horizon Europe and REPowerEU.

• We integrate renewable energy sources, advanced waste-to-energy technology and plasma-enhanced gasification (>1500°C) to produce hydrogen-rich syngas for continuous, fossil-free baseload power generation.

• A combined cycle turbine block (gas + steam) ensures high efficiency, while the recovered heat supports district heating, cooling and desalination, enabling full sectoral connectivity.

• This approach results in significant greenhouse gas emission reductions, diverts waste from landfills and reduces grid load by enabling partial or full off-grid operation.

• The system is modular (5-50MW), scalable in data centres, industrial parks and urban energy networks, and supports the EU’s goals for a circular economy, energy security and climate neutrality.

• By converting waste into clean energy and integrating electricity and thermal power plants, the project provides a replicable EU model for sustainable digital infrastructure and regional economic growth.

• Protecting our planet’s environment from the pollution caused by the increasing amount of waste. Utilizing the increasing amount of household waste instead of sending it to landfills is key to protecting our planet.

• Governments support and funding are vital for poorer continents, as they cannot afford to put recycling before landfills. Recycling helps everyone, even richer nations, as we all live on the same planet.

• Poorer continents, countries often seek our investment and financial support, as their environmental and economic situation is difficult. We would welcome opportunities for cooperation, including technology partnerships, power plant projects and investment ventures.

• The energy source for our power plants is syngas generated from waste. Our gasification technology completely transforms waste at very high temperatures, producing syngas that is free of NOx, tar, pyrolysis oil and coal dust. This syngas powers gas turbines and engines, which are particularly suitable for water-scarce desert regions.

• Methanol is a great alternative to fossil fuels like diesel and gasoline. By boosting the hydrogen content of synthesis gas to over 60%, it’s possible to produce methanol, essentially a form of liquid hydrogen.

Climate protection with green coal, a biochar

We design and manufacture biochar carbonizers from 2 tons/day – 50 tons/day,

• Climate protection with green coal, a biochar- Biochar is an excellent substitute for soil strength, it is more than a fertilizer e.g. the corn stalks grown on 1 ha, when charred and plowed, extract 6 tons of CO2 from our atmosphere. Biochar makes the micro-flora of infertile soil fertile, and regulates the water balance and water-holding capacity of agricultural land. It forms a good base for the microorganisms necessary for plant growth.

• Biochar composition from harvest waste: C 77.58%, Volatile matter 12.92%, SiO2 3.5%, Al2O3 1.9%, CaO 1.9%, K2O 0.1%, Na2O 0.5%, Fe2O3 0.75% , MgO 1.3%. , P2O5 0.17%) Biochar produced from animal bone is a high-calcium phosphate and low-carbon apatite mineral product, which is a macroporous and slow-dissolving natural organic P-fertilizer. Hydroxyapatite with a high phosphorus content is mostly composed of an inorganic mineral and a carbon component.

• Biochar can improve the composting process and improve itself at the same time. Reducing nitrogen loss during composting is a notable benefit when compost is supplemented with biochar. The highly absorbent surface of biochar, on the other hand, is "charged" with humic acids, plant nutrients and living microorganisms.

• Nutrient conservation. Plant nutrients are released into the ground water through leaching and into the air through evaporation. This means a decrease in the economy's efficiency and, beyond the fence, an environmental problem. Nutrient pollution is one of the most widespread, costly and challenging environmental problems caused by excess nitrogen and phosphorus in air and water.

• The efficiency of the fertilizer improved significantly after the application of biochar. This was primarily observed as a reduction in the loss of plant nutrients. Like charcoal used for filtration, biochar (a type of charcoal) can help trap plant nutrients in the soil. However, it is important to note that most of the nutrients stored in the biochar are still available to the plant  it resists loss, yet can be used. Mixing biochar directly into compost for a single co-product application maximizes the nutrient retention benefits of biochar.

• Water retention. Where biochar has been applied, soils show higher water holding capacity, better water retention, increased plant available water, increased plant resilience in drought conditions, and increased productivity per unit of water. The yield benefits of adding biochar to agricultural practices in the case of irrigation, the expected result is a reduction in the amount of water needed,

• Source: EBC (2012) ‘European Biochar Certificate – Guidelines for a Sustainable Production of Biochar.’ European Biochar Foundation (EBC), Arbaz, Switzerland. http://www.european- biochar.org/en/download. Version 6.3E of 14th August 2017, DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.4658.7043 

Biochar patterns

tree twig, chicken litter, straw, corn stalk, furniture wood waste…

The recommended amount is 4t/ha on hard soil, 8t/ha on sandy desert areas

Sample plots for comparative measurement of yield

Thanks for watching

Jozsef Nagy

Machine manufacturing technologist

Microwave emitters - steam plasma torch specialist

contact: gumienergia@gmail.com

My philosophy

My philosophy is, never be jealous of others' success. If you can't win a race, help the one ahead of you break the record. Your candle doesn't lose its light by lighting another. Let's follow this example of supporting and lifting each other up! This is a beautiful philosophy! Supporting and lifting others not only helps them succeed, but also creates a positive and encouraging environment for everyone. It's like spreading kindness and positivity, which can make a big difference in the world."